Solid State Relay
Electronic switching device without mechanical power contacts, using a semiconductor output stage to control an electrical load.
A solid-state relay uses a semiconductor switching element instead of a mechanical contact system.
Depending on the version, the output stage may use a thyristor, triac, MOSFET, IGBT, or another semiconductor technology and may be intended for AC, DC, or another declared current type.
Switching may occur immediately after the control command or synchronously with an AC voltage zero crossing.
The input circuit is characterized by the permissible control-current range, input impedance, and guaranteed turn-on and turn-off levels. Important output-circuit parameters include minimum load current, off-state leakage current, on-state voltage drop, and on-state resistance.
Surge withstand is characterized by repetitive and non-repetitive peak voltage, permissible surge current, its duration, and Joule integral I²t.
Dynamic characteristics of the semiconductor output may include permissible voltage dv/dt and current di/dt, turn-on time, turn-off time, and maximum switching frequency. For zero-cross AC versions, the maximum instantaneous voltage at which conduction begins may be specified separately.
Thermal conditions are a critical part of SSR selection. Junction-to-case and case-to-heatsink thermal resistance, maximum semiconductor junction temperature, and heatsink requirements are considered. The manufacturer may require an external heatsink and thermal paste or pad.
Some versions include an integrated snubber network, overvoltage protection, or overtemperature protection.
Selection criteria include load type and current, AC or DC version, inrush currents, thermal conditions, cooling method, switching technology, and control-input characteristics.
This subcategory includes AC and DC solid-state relays using different output technologies, including zero-cross versions and externally cooled designs.
Solid State Relay
General6
Commercial or technical designation of a manufacturer's product family sharing a common design and compatible characteristics.
Range of tasks and systems for which the manufacturer recommends the component.
Primary function of the device and its intended use as defined by its design and the manufacturer's documentation.
Permissible installation location of the product: indoors, outdoors, in a technical area, or as part of equipment.
Environmental conditions under which installation and operation of the product are permitted.
Permissible spatial orientation of the component during installation and operation.
Dimensions3
External horizontal dimension of the product between its outermost lateral points.
External vertical dimension of the product from its lowest to its highest point.
External distance between the foremost and rearmost surfaces of the product.
Capacity and Layout3
Actual electrical pole configuration of the product, including the number and function of switched poles.
Number of independent relay outputs or sets of switching contacts provided by the product.
Contact configurations provided for the product relay outputs.
Materials and Finish2
Primary material from which the product is manufactured.
Grade, alloy, class, or technical designation of the product's primary material.
Mounting and Installation7
Profile type of the DIN rail installed in the product or specified for compatible mounting.
Installation arrangement permitted by the product design, such as wall-mounted, flush-mounted, floor-mounted, or another specified mounting type.
Method used to mechanically secure the product to a support, surface, or load-bearing structure.
Indicates whether the design provides for mounting equipment on a DIN rail.
Indicates whether equipment may be mounted directly to the mounting surface without an intermediate DIN rail.
Indicates that an external heatsink is required to achieve the specified continuous-current or thermal rating.
Indicates that thermal paste, thermal pad or equivalent interface material is required between the product and heatsink.
Electrical Parameters51
Operating-circuit voltage with reference to which the product's performance characteristics are specified.
Maximum voltage at which continuous operation of the product is permitted under the conditions declared by the manufacturer.
Minimum voltage at which the manufacturer guarantees the intended operating mode of the product.
AC frequency assigned to the product for normal operating conditions.
Lower limit of the electrical network or signal frequency at which product operation is permitted.
Upper limit of the electrical network or signal frequency at which product operation is permitted.
Voltage applied to the control circuit to perform the product's intended functions.
Type of current used in the product's control circuit.
Current assigned to the product by the manufacturer for the declared operating and thermal conditions.
Conductor connection methods supported by the specified terminals or connection elements.
Tightening torque specified by the manufacturer for a screw or bolted terminal connection.
Voltage with reference to which the product's insulation clearances and dielectric properties are specified.
Peak value of an impulse voltage of specified waveform that the product insulation must withstand without breakdown.
Test voltage applied to verify the dielectric strength of the product insulation.
Minimum permissible insulation resistance between the specified electrically separated parts.
Category characterizing the expected level of impulse overvoltages at the product's point of use.
Degree of pollution of the surrounding microenvironment considered when selecting insulation distances and product characteristics.
Type of electrical insulation used, considered in terms of its protective function and construction.
Class of protection against electric shock determined by the product design and protective connection method.
Thermal power loss of the product or current-carrying system at rated current.
Manufacturer-declared utilization category defining the load characteristics and switching conditions according to the applicable standard.
Manufacturer-declared voltage drop across the product, connection path or current-carrying element at rated current under the specified reference conditions.
Minimum conductor cross-section permitted by the connection system within its general conductor-size range.
Maximum conductor cross-section permitted by the connection system within its general conductor-size range.
Minimum control-circuit supply voltage supported by the product or electronic coil.
Maximum control-circuit supply voltage supported by the product or electronic coil.
Indicates that galvanic isolation is provided between the relevant electrical input and output circuits of the product.
Primary semiconductor switching technology used in the solid-state output stage.
Method or timing used by the semiconductor output stage to initiate conduction relative to the load waveform or control command.
Type of load current that can be switched by the solid-state output.
Minimum control-input current within the manufacturer-declared operating input range.
Maximum control-input current within the manufacturer-declared operating input range.
Manufacturer-declared electrical input impedance of the solid-state relay control circuit.
Control-input voltage at or above which the manufacturer guarantees operation of the solid-state relay.
Control-input voltage at or below which the manufacturer guarantees release or turn-off of the solid-state relay.
Minimum load current required for correct switching or conduction under the manufacturer-declared conditions.
Maximum current flowing through the output circuit while the semiconductor switch is commanded OFF.
Maximum manufacturer-declared voltage drop across the semiconductor output while conducting.
Manufacturer-declared effective or static resistance of the semiconductor output in the conducting state where applicable.
Minimum load power factor for which the manufacturer declares the specified switching performance.
Maximum repetitive peak voltage that the semiconductor output can withstand in the OFF state.
Maximum non-repetitive transient peak voltage permitted across the semiconductor output in the OFF state.
Maximum non-repetitive short-duration surge current that the semiconductor output can withstand.
Pulse or half-cycle duration associated with the declared non-repetitive surge-current rating.
Manufacturer-declared I²t withstand capability associated with the semiconductor output surge-current rating.
Maximum rate of rise of off-state voltage that the semiconductor output can withstand without unintended turn-on.
Maximum manufacturer-declared rate of rise of current permitted during semiconductor turn-on.
Manufacturer-declared delay from application of a valid control signal until the solid-state output turns on.
Manufacturer-declared delay from removal of the control signal until the solid-state output turns off.
Maximum manufacturer-declared repetition frequency of controlled switching operations.
Maximum instantaneous load voltage at which a zero-cross switching output initiates conduction.
Protection and Safety13
Indicates whether the product material is classified as halogen-free according to the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.
Degree of enclosure protection against access to hazardous parts and ingress of solid objects and water, designated by the IP code.
Class of enclosure resistance to external mechanical impacts designated by the IK code.
Method or level of protection of the user against direct contact with hazardous live parts.
Indicates whether the design prevents finger access to hazardous live parts in the intended condition.
Indicates whether the design provides protection against accidental contact with hazardous live parts.
Classification of a material according to its ability to ignite, sustain combustion, and cease burning under a specified test.
Temperature of the heated wire used when testing the material or product against an ignition source.
Indicates that the manufacturer declares safe electrical separation between the relevant input and output circuits.
Indicates that an RC or equivalent suppression network is integrated across the semiconductor output.
Indicates that the product incorporates internal protection against an excessive voltage condition in the relevant electrical circuit.
Indicates that the product incorporates protection against excessive internal, component or monitored temperature.
Indicates whether the product or corresponding electrical circuit has integrated short-circuit protection.
Environmental Conditions23
Minimum ambient temperature at which normal operation of the product is permitted.
Maximum ambient temperature at which normal operation of the product is permitted.
Maximum permissible average ambient temperature over a consecutive 24-hour period.
Minimum ambient temperature permitted during storage of the product while not in operation.
Maximum ambient temperature permitted during storage of the product while not in operation.
Minimum ambient temperature permitted during transportation of the product.
Maximum ambient temperature permitted during transportation of the product.
Indicates whether permissible electrical or thermal loading must be reduced as temperature changes.
Temperature above which the permissible product load must be reduced.
Indicates whether the manufacturer has published the relationship between permissible product load and temperature.
Minimum relative air humidity permitted for the declared operating or test condition.
Maximum relative air humidity permitted for the declared operating or test condition.
Indicates whether the permissible humidity value applies only to non-condensing conditions.
Maximum altitude above sea level at which the product may be installed without exceeding the declared conditions.
Indicates whether the permissible product load must be reduced as installation altitude increases.
Altitude above sea level above which the permissible product load must be reduced.
Indicates whether the product's resistance to vibration has been verified under the declared conditions.
Indicates whether the product's resistance to short-duration mechanical shocks has been verified.
Thermal resistance from the semiconductor junction to the device case.
Thermal resistance from the solid-state relay case to the heatsink under the manufacturer-declared mounting conditions.
Maximum permitted semiconductor junction temperature.
Maximum heatsink temperature permitted for the manufacturer-declared operating condition.
Maximum heatsink thermal resistance recommended to meet the specified load-current and ambient-temperature conditions.
Included Equipment1
Indicates whether documentation is included in the product's standard supply.
Special Features2
Indicates whether the product has a local visual or mechanical indicator of operating, fault, or end-of-life status.
Types of local visual or mechanical status indication provided by the product design.
Standards and Compliance21
Regions or markets for which the manufacturer declares regulatory or certification compliance of the product.
Certification, market-approval, or conformity marks applicable to the product.
Primary normative document or standard according to which the manufacturer classifies or assesses the product.
Additional normative documents and standards declared by the manufacturer as applicable to the product.
Indicates whether an official declaration of conformity is available for the product.
Indicates whether a certificate relating to the declared certification or conformity of the product is available.
Identification number of the certificate relating to the product or its certified version.
Name of the organization that issued the certificate or performed the relevant conformity assessment.
Indicates whether the product was tested by an organization independent of the manufacturer.
Indicates whether the CE marking is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the UKCA marking is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the EAC marking is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the product has a declared UL Listed certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the product has a declared UL Recognized certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the cULus mark is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the product has a declared CSA certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the product has a declared TÜV certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the product has a declared VDE certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether product compliance with applicable RoHS restrictions on hazardous substances has been declared.
Indicates whether the manufacturer declares compliance of the product with applicable REACH Regulation requirements.
Indicates whether the product falls within the scope of WEEE requirements for waste electrical and electronic equipment.
Logistics10
Mass of the product itself, excluding transport packaging, additional accessories, and external equipment.
Mass of the product together with its individual packaging and the accessories included in it.
External horizontal dimension of the product's individual package.
External vertical dimension of the product's individual package.
External depth dimension of the product's individual package.
Design type of the product's individual or transport packaging.
Number of individual products contained in one packaging unit at the specified level.
Country of origin of the goods declared for customs or commercial purposes.
Commodity code under the international Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.
Commodity code under the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union.