Battery Management System
Electronic system for measurement, protection, balancing, and management of a battery at cell, module, and main-contactor level.
A battery management system monitors the electrical and thermal state of a battery and supports safe operation. It measures individual cell voltages, temperatures, and, depending on architecture, battery current and other parameters.
Protection functions include supervision of cell overvoltage and undervoltage, charge and discharge overcurrent, and allowable temperature limits. Balancing reduces differences between cells and may be passive or active.
The BMS calculates SoC and SoH, controls main and precharge contactors, monitors contactor feedback, and provides charge and discharge enables. In distributed systems, cell-monitoring units may communicate in a daisy chain.
Selection considers cell count, measurement range and accuracy, balancing current, temperature inputs, protection thresholds, system architecture, and control interfaces.
This subcategory includes centralized, distributed, and master-slave BMS solutions for batteries and energy-storage systems.
Battery Management System
General6
Commercial or technical designation of a manufacturer's product family sharing a common design and compatible characteristics.
Range of tasks and systems for which the manufacturer recommends the component.
Primary function of the device and its intended use as defined by its design and the manufacturer's documentation.
Permissible installation location of the product: indoors, outdoors, in a technical area, or as part of equipment.
Environmental conditions under which installation and operation of the product are permitted.
Permissible spatial orientation of the component during installation and operation.
Dimensions3
External horizontal dimension of the product between its outermost lateral points.
External vertical dimension of the product from its lowest to its highest point.
External distance between the foremost and rearmost surfaces of the product.
Capacity and Layout10
Minimum number of series-connected electrochemical cells supported by the BMS.
Maximum number of series-connected electrochemical cells supported by the BMS.
Number of independent battery temperature-sensor inputs supported by the BMS.
Maximum number of distributed cell-monitoring units supported within one BMS system.
Maximum number of event records that can be stored in the product's internal log.
Number of integrated physical Ethernet communication ports.
Number of integrated physical RS-485 communication interfaces.
Number of integrated physical USB ports provided by the product, including charging, data, communication or programming ports.
Number of integrated physical CAN communication interfaces.
Number of physical serial ports that can be configured for more than one electrical serial standard.
Materials and Finish8
Primary visually perceived colour of the product's external surface.
Designation of the product's primary surface colour according to the RAL colour system.
Type of final surface finish of the product determining its appearance and service properties.
Technological surface treatment applied to modify its protective, mechanical, or decorative properties.
Type of protective, functional, or decorative coating applied to the surface.
Material or chemical basis of the coating applied to the surface of the product or one of its parts.
Primary material from which the product is manufactured.
Grade, alloy, class, or technical designation of the product's primary material.
Mounting and Installation18
Manufacturer-declared connector or connection interface used for the battery circuit.
Type of surface or supporting base to which the product may be fixed.
Number of holes provided in the product for mechanical fixing.
Diameter of the hole provided for a fixing element used when mounting the product.
Profile type of the DIN rail installed in the product or specified for compatible mounting.
Geometric shape of the hole intended for mechanical fixing of the product.
Distance between the centres of mounting holes in the horizontal direction.
Distance between the centres of mounting holes in the vertical direction.
Horizontal dimension of the mounting pattern between the outermost fixing points of the product.
Vertical dimension of the mounting pattern between the outermost fixing points of the product.
Size designation of the screw, bolt, or other threaded fastener used for mounting the product.
Designation of the thread provided in the product's mounting holes or fixing elements.
Tightening torque recommended or permitted for fasteners during product installation.
Indicates whether the required fasteners are included with the product.
Installation arrangement permitted by the product design, such as wall-mounted, flush-mounted, floor-mounted, or another specified mounting type.
Method used to mechanically secure the product to a support, surface, or load-bearing structure.
Indicates whether the design provides for mounting equipment on a DIN rail.
Indicates whether equipment may be mounted directly to the mounting surface without an intermediate DIN rail.
Electrical Parameters42
Rechargeable battery technologies approved by the manufacturer for use with the product.
Nominal DC voltage of the connected battery or battery system.
Minimum battery-system voltage permitted for manufacturer-approved operation.
Maximum battery-system voltage permitted for manufacturer-approved operation.
Maximum battery discharge current accepted or drawn by the product under manufacturer-declared conditions.
Maximum charging current that the integrated charger can deliver to the battery.
Indicates that connection to protective earth is required for the declared electrical safety or operating conditions.
DC-system grounding configurations for which the manufacturer declares the product suitable.
Lower limit of the manufacturer-declared individual cell-voltage measurement range.
Upper limit of the manufacturer-declared individual cell-voltage measurement range.
Manufacturer-declared absolute accuracy of individual cell-voltage measurement. UI may display the value in mV.
Cell-voltage difference at which the BMS generates an imbalance warning or alarm.
Manufacturer-declared absolute accuracy of battery cell or module temperature measurement.
Maximum manufacturer-declared balancing current for an individual cell-balancing channel.
Cell voltage above which the balancing function may become active.
Minimum cell-to-cell voltage difference required to initiate balancing.
Individual cell-voltage threshold at which cell overvoltage protection is activated.
Individual cell-voltage threshold at which cell undervoltage protection is activated.
Battery charging-current threshold at which the BMS charge overcurrent protection activates.
Battery discharge-current threshold at which the BMS discharge overcurrent protection activates.
Battery temperature threshold at which charging overtemperature protection activates.
Battery temperature threshold below which charging is inhibited.
Battery temperature threshold at which discharge overtemperature protection activates.
Battery temperature threshold below which discharge is inhibited.
Maximum permitted duration of the precharge sequence before a fault is declared.
Type of electrical current for which the product's main supply circuit is intended.
Rated RMS value of alternating voltage assigned to the product by the manufacturer.
Rated direct voltage assigned to the product by the manufacturer.
Maximum voltage at which continuous operation of the product is permitted under the conditions declared by the manufacturer.
Minimum voltage at which the manufacturer guarantees the intended operating mode of the product.
Voltage value assigned to the product by the manufacturer for specified application conditions and characteristics.
AC frequency assigned to the product for normal operating conditions.
Conductor connection methods supported by the specified terminals or connection elements.
Tightening torque specified by the manufacturer for a screw or bolted terminal connection.
Voltage with reference to which the product's insulation clearances and dielectric properties are specified.
Peak value of an impulse voltage of specified waveform that the product insulation must withstand without breakdown.
Test voltage applied to verify the dielectric strength of the product insulation.
Minimum permissible insulation resistance between the specified electrically separated parts.
Category characterizing the expected level of impulse overvoltages at the product's point of use.
Degree of pollution of the surrounding microenvironment considered when selecting insulation distances and product characteristics.
Type of electrical insulation used, considered in terms of its protective function and construction.
Class of protection against electric shock determined by the product design and protective connection method.
Protection and Safety27
Indicates protection based on excessive voltage of an individual battery cell.
Indicates protection based on excessive discharge or low voltage of an individual battery cell.
Indicates that the BMS protects against excessive battery charging current.
Indicates that the BMS protects against excessive battery discharge current.
Indicates BMS protection against excessive battery temperature while charging.
Indicates BMS protection that inhibits charging when battery temperature is too low.
Indicates BMS protection against excessive battery temperature while discharging.
Indicates BMS protection that inhibits discharge when battery temperature is too low.
Indicates that a welded or mechanically stuck closed contactor can be detected by comparing command, feedback and applicable electrical measurements.
Mechanical impact energy that the product or enclosure can withstand in the specified test.
Enclosure type or rating under the NEMA system characterizing the conditions and types of external influences against which protection is provided.
Indicates whether the declared ingress protection of the enclosure has been verified by certification or testing.
Indicates whether the product material is classified as halogen-free according to the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.
Degree of enclosure protection against access to hazardous parts and ingress of solid objects and water, designated by the IP code.
Class of enclosure resistance to external mechanical impacts designated by the IK code.
Method or level of protection of the user against direct contact with hazardous live parts.
Indicates whether the design prevents finger access to hazardous live parts in the intended condition.
Indicates whether the design provides protection against accidental contact with hazardous live parts.
Classification of a material according to its ability to ignite, sustain combustion, and cease burning under a specified test.
Temperature of the heated wire used when testing the material or product against an ignition source.
Indicates that access to network, web, API or remote configuration functions can require authenticated user credentials.
Indicates support for encrypted data communication through one or more manufacturer-supported communication services.
Transport Layer Security protocol versions supported for protected network communication.
Indicates that user permissions can be differentiated by user role or authorization level.
Indicates that security-relevant events such as authentication failures or configuration access can be recorded.
Indicates that the device verifies the integrity or authenticity of executable firmware during startup.
Indicates that firmware update packages are cryptographically authenticated before installation.
Environmental Conditions21
Minimum ambient temperature at which the manufacturer permits installation of the product.
Maximum ambient temperature at which the manufacturer permits installation of the product.
Minimum altitude relative to sea level for which the manufacturer specifies permissible installation conditions.
Minimum ambient temperature at which normal operation of the product is permitted.
Maximum ambient temperature at which normal operation of the product is permitted.
Maximum permissible average ambient temperature over a consecutive 24-hour period.
Minimum ambient temperature permitted during storage of the product while not in operation.
Maximum ambient temperature permitted during storage of the product while not in operation.
Minimum ambient temperature permitted during transportation of the product.
Maximum ambient temperature permitted during transportation of the product.
Indicates whether permissible electrical or thermal loading must be reduced as temperature changes.
Temperature above which the permissible product load must be reduced.
Indicates whether the manufacturer has published the relationship between permissible product load and temperature.
Minimum relative air humidity permitted for the declared operating or test condition.
Maximum relative air humidity permitted for the declared operating or test condition.
Indicates whether the permissible humidity value applies only to non-condensing conditions.
Maximum altitude above sea level at which the product may be installed without exceeding the declared conditions.
Indicates whether the permissible product load must be reduced as installation altitude increases.
Altitude above sea level above which the permissible product load must be reduced.
Indicates whether the product's resistance to vibration has been verified under the declared conditions.
Indicates whether the product's resistance to short-duration mechanical shocks has been verified.
Included Equipment6
Indicates whether documentation is included in the product's standard supply.
Indicates whether a local human-machine interface (HMI) is provided for monitoring, configuration, or control.
Indicates whether the product has an integrated local display.
Technology or construction type of the product's integrated display.
Indicates whether the integrated display has a backlight.
Indicates whether an integrated real-time clock is provided for timekeeping, event time-stamping, or time-based functions.
Special Features55
Indicates that battery voltage is internally monitored.
Indicates that battery charging or discharging current is internally monitored.
Indicates that battery temperature can be monitored by the product.
Indicates that the product can detect whether the required battery is connected.
Indicates that battery faults or abnormal battery conditions can be detected.
Indicates that battery state of charge can be estimated, calculated or reported.
Indicates that battery state of health or degradation can be estimated or reported.
Indicates that voltage of individual battery cells can be measured separately.
Indicates monitoring of the voltage difference between the highest-voltage and lowest-voltage cells.
Indicates monitoring of battery-cell or module temperature using dedicated temperature sensing channels.
Indicates that the BMS can equalize state or voltage differences between battery cells.
Electrical method used by the BMS to balance battery cells.
Indicates that cell balancing can operate while the battery is charging.
Indicates that cell balancing can operate while the battery is discharging.
Methods used by the BMS to estimate or calculate battery state of charge.
Methods used by the BMS to estimate battery state of health or degradation.
Indicates that the BMS provides logic or outputs for control of the main battery contactor system.
Indicates dedicated control of a positive-pole battery main contactor.
Indicates dedicated control of a negative-pole battery main contactor.
Indicates that the BMS controls or supervises a precharge sequence before closing the main battery power path.
Indicates dedicated BMS control of a precharge contactor or relay.
Indicates diagnostic supervision of the precharge resistor or precharge electrical path.
Indicates that actual battery contactor state can be monitored through auxiliary feedback or equivalent diagnostics.
Indicates that the BMS provides an electrical or logical signal permitting an external charger to charge the battery.
Indicates that the BMS provides an electrical or logical signal permitting an external load or converter to discharge the battery.
Overall architectural arrangement of the battery management system.
Indicates support for daisy-chain communication between BMS cell-monitoring or slave units.
Indicates whether the product supports digital data exchange with external devices or systems.
List of supported digital data communication protocols.
List of supported physical or logical digital communication interfaces.
Indicates whether specified product settings can be read or changed remotely through a supported communication interface.
Indicates whether diagnostic information, status data, or fault information can be obtained remotely.
Number of integrated LEDs used to indicate product status or operating modes.
Indicates whether the product can store an internal event log.
Indicates whether an integrated web server or web interface is provided for access to product functions.
Indicates whether a data-logging function is provided for recording supported measurements, states, or process parameters.
Indicates whether the user can configure the condition that triggers or starts data logging.
Indicates whether the product has a local visual or mechanical indicator of operating, fault, or end-of-life status.
Types of local visual or mechanical status indication provided by the product design.
Indicates that device firmware can be updated by a manufacturer-supported procedure.
Supported methods for assigning network-layer addresses to the Ethernet interface.
Indicates support for Internet Protocol version 6 communication.
Indicates that measured or logged data can be transmitted automatically without an explicit polling request.
Indicates manufacturer-supported communication with a cloud or remote Internet service.
Indicates that measurement, status or configuration data can be accessed through a documented application programming interface.
Application programming interface types supported by the product or its integrated communication service.
Indicates that firmware can be updated through a supported local or remote data communication interface.
Indicates that loss or inactivity of a communication link can be detected by an internal communication watchdog.
Indicates that the timeout used to detect communication loss or inactivity can be configured.
Minimum configurable communication timeout.
Maximum configurable communication timeout.
Indicates that loss of an expected communication connection can generate a local or remote alarm or diagnostic condition.
Indicates that communication activity or communication health statistics can be read for diagnostic purposes.
Indicates that communication errors can be accumulated and read through the product diagnostics.
Indicates that communication-interface faults, states or network conditions can be diagnosed by the product.
Standards and Compliance22
Indicates whether a separate manufacturer declaration concerning declared product characteristics or conformity is available.
Regions or markets for which the manufacturer declares regulatory or certification compliance of the product.
Certification, market-approval, or conformity marks applicable to the product.
Primary normative document or standard according to which the manufacturer classifies or assesses the product.
Additional normative documents and standards declared by the manufacturer as applicable to the product.
Indicates whether an official declaration of conformity is available for the product.
Indicates whether a certificate relating to the declared certification or conformity of the product is available.
Identification number of the certificate relating to the product or its certified version.
Name of the organization that issued the certificate or performed the relevant conformity assessment.
Indicates whether the product was tested by an organization independent of the manufacturer.
Indicates whether the CE marking is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the UKCA marking is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the EAC marking is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the product has a declared UL Listed certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the product has a declared UL Recognized certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the cULus mark is applied to the product where applicable.
Indicates whether the product has a declared CSA certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the product has a declared TÜV certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether the product has a declared VDE certification or recognition status.
Indicates whether product compliance with applicable RoHS restrictions on hazardous substances has been declared.
Indicates whether the manufacturer declares compliance of the product with applicable REACH Regulation requirements.
Indicates whether the product falls within the scope of WEEE requirements for waste electrical and electronic equipment.
Logistics11
Mass of the product itself, excluding transport packaging, additional accessories, and external equipment.
Country in which the product was manufactured or its principal manufacturing operation was performed.
Mass of the product together with its individual packaging and the accessories included in it.
External horizontal dimension of the product's individual package.
External vertical dimension of the product's individual package.
External depth dimension of the product's individual package.
Design type of the product's individual or transport packaging.
Number of individual products contained in one packaging unit at the specified level.
Country of origin of the goods declared for customs or commercial purposes.
Commodity code under the international Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.
Commodity code under the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union.